Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'uruganda rutunganya imyanda ikabije

Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda n’imijyi, amazi mabi yahindutse ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibidukikije. Amazi mabi yanduye ntabwo aba arimo gusa ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere, ibintu bidafite akamaro, ibyuma biremereye n’ibindi bintu byangiza, kandi ubwinshi bwayo burenze kure ubushobozi bwo gushushanya nk’ubw’ibisanzwe.ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi yanduyeKubwibyo, gutunganya no gusohora amazi yanduye mu buryo bukabije ni ingenzi cyane.
1. Ibisobanuro n'imiterere y'amazi mabi yanduye cyane
Amazi mabi menshi, akenshi yerekeza ku mazi mabi arimo ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere, ibyuma biremereye, ibintu by’uburozi n’ibindi bihumanya. Ibikubiye mu mazi mabi biruta kure iby’amazi mabi asanzwe kandi biragoye kuyatunganya. Ashobora kuba arimo ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw’ibintu bihumanya, nk’ibintu by’umwimerere, ibyuma biremereye, n’ibintu bihumanya. Bimwe mu bihumanya bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorobe, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kuvura, kandi bigoye kubikuraho hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura.
2. Imiterere y'amazi mabi akoreshwa mu gukora imyanda myinshi
Gukora imiti: Amazi yanduye akorwa mu gihe cyo gukora imiti akenshi aba arimo ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere, ibyuma biremereye n’ibindi bihumanya.
Inganda zikora imiti: Amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu miti akunze kuba arimo ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere, imiti yica udukoko, nibindi, kandi biragoye kuyavura.
Indabo n'inganda z'imyenda: Amazi yanduye aturuka muri izi nganda akenshi aba arimo ingano nini y'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera n'ubukorikori bigoye kwangiza.
Gutunganya ibyuma n'ubutare: inzira yo gutunganya ibyuma n'ubutare izatanga amazi mabi arimo ibyuma biremereye n'ibintu by'uburozi.
3. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'uruganda rutunganya imyanda irimo amazi menshi
Kwiyongera cyaneuruganda rutunganya imyanda, ubusanzwe binyuze mu buryo bufatika cyangwa bwa shimi bwo gukuraho uduce duto mu mazi yanduye, ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, nibindi, kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuyatunganya nyuma. Bizakorwa kandi binyuze muri Fenton oxidation, ozone oxidation n'ubundi buryo bugezweho bwo kuyatunganya, binyuze mu gukora oxydants zikomeye bizagorana kwangiza ibintu by’umwimerere bikaba ibintu byoroshye kwangiza. Uburyo bwo guhindura uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima bukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibintu by’umwimerere mu mazi yanduye. Ku mazi yanduye menshi cyane, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo butandukanye nka anaerobic na aerobic kugira ngo kunoze uburyo bwo kuyatunganya. Ibintu byashongeshejwe mu mazi yanduye bishobora kandi gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bufatika binyuze mu buryo bwo gutandukanya membrane nka ultrafiltration na reverse osmosis. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibyuma bikomeye nko kuvura imyuka ikaze, guhindura iyoni no kuyishyira mu mazi yanduye rikoreshwa mu gukuraho iyoni z’ibyuma bikomeye mu mazi yanduye.
Kubwibyo, kugira ngo uruganda rutunganya imyanda rube rwinshi, kugira ngo imyanda ihuzwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho, guhitamo neza inzira yo gutunganya imyanda, kugenzura neza inzira yo gutunganya imyanda, gushimangira uburyo itegurwa mbere yo kuyitunganya, kunoza ibipimo by’imikorere ndetse no gupima no gusuzuma buri gihe ni ingenzi cyane, niba hagaragaye ibibazo, gufata ingamba ku gihe kugira ngo bikosorwe.

Uruganda rutunganya imyanda rufite ubucucike bwinshi bitewe n’imiterere yihariye y’amazi meza, kuko ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa bikomeye mu bya tekiniki, kuba bisaba kugira ikoranabuhanga ryiza ry’ibicuruzwa, uburambe mu mishinga, ndetse n’igitekerezo cy’imiterere y’aho hantu, kugira ngo habeho ubucucike bwinshi bw’amaziibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi yanduyekugira ngo huzuzwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imyanda. Liding Environmental Protection ni uruganda rumaze imyaka icumi rukora mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye, rufite icyicaro i Jiangsu, ruzenguruka mu gihugu hose, rureba mu mahanga, rufite itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ikoranabuhanga.