Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda n’imijyi, amazi y’amazi menshi yabaye ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibidukikije. Amazi y’amazi menshi cyane ntabwo arimo gusa ibintu byinshi kama kama, ibintu kama kama, ibyuma biremereye nibindi bintu byangiza, kandi ubunini bwayo burenze kure ubushobozi bwibishushanyo mbonera by’amazi asanzwe atunganya amazi. Kubwibyo, gutunganya amazi mabi cyane hamwe no gusohora ni ngombwa cyane.
1. Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga amazi yanduye cyane
Ubwinshi bw’amazi y’amazi, ubusanzwe bivuga amazi y’amazi arimo ibintu byinshi by’ibinyabuzima, ibyuma biremereye, ibintu byangiza kandi byangiza n’ibindi bihumanya. Ibiri mu myanda ihumanya amazi arenze kure ay'amazi rusange kandi biragoye kuyavura. Irashobora kuba irimo ubwoko bwinshi bwimyanda ihumanya, nkibinyabuzima, ibyuma biremereye, nibintu bya radio. Bimwe mu bihumanya bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuri mikorobe, bikagira ingaruka ku buvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima, kandi bigoye kuvanwaho nuburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima.
2. Scenarios yo kubyara amazi mabi menshi
Umusaruro w’imiti: Amazi mabi atangwa mugihe cyo gukora imiti akenshi arimo ibintu byinshi kama kama, ibyuma biremereye nibindi byangiza.
Inganda zikoreshwa mu bya farumasi: Amazi y’imyanda asanzwe arimo ibintu byinshi kama, antibiyotike, nibindi, kandi biragoye kuyivura.
Inganda zangiza imyenda n’imyenda: Amazi mabi aturuka muri izo nganda ubusanzwe arimo ibintu byinshi bigoye gutesha agaciro ibinyabuzima na chromaticite.
Amashanyarazi na metallurgie: inzira ya electroplating na metallurgie izatanga amazi mabi arimo ibyuma biremereye nibintu byuburozi.
3.Ikoranabuhanga ryibanze ryinganda zitunganya imyanda myinshi
Uruganda rutunganya imyanda myinshi, mubisanzwe binyuze muburyo bwumubiri cyangwa imiti kugirango ikureho ibice binini mumazi y’amazi, ibimera byahagaritswe, nibindi, kugirango habeho uburyo bwo kuvurwa nyuma. Bizananyura nka okiside ya Fenton, okiside ya ozone hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji ya okiside igezweho, binyuze mu kubyara okiside ikomeye bizagorana kwangiza ibintu kama mubintu byangirika byoroshye. Metabolism ya mikorobe ikoreshwa mugukuraho ibintu kama mumazi mabi. Ku mazi y’amazi yibanze cyane, guhuza inzira nka anaerobic na aerobic birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubuvuzi. Ibintu byashongeshejwe mumazi mabi birashobora kandi gukurwaho nuburyo bwumubiri hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya membrane nka ultrafiltration na osmose revers. Tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibyuma biremereye nk'imvura igwa, guhana ion hamwe na adsorption bikoreshwa mugukuraho ion ziremereye mumazi mabi.
Kubwibyo rero, kugirango hibandwe cyane ku ruganda rutunganya imyanda, kugirango harebwe niba imyanda yujuje ubuziranenge, guhitamo neza uburyo bwo gutunganya, kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kuvura, gushimangira mbere yo kuvurwa, kunoza ibipimo bikora kimwe no kwipimisha buri gihe kandi gusuzuma ni ngombwa cyane, niba ibibazo bibonetse, fata ingamba mugihe cyo guhinduka.
Uruganda rutunganya imyanda myinshi cyane kubera imiterere yihariye y’amazi, kubera ko ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa bya tekiniki, gukenera kugira tekinoloji nziza y’ibicuruzwa, uburambe bw’umushinga, ndetse n’igitekerezo cy’ibihe byaho, kugira ngo harebwe niba hejuru kwibanda kubikoresho byo gutunganya amazi mabi kugirango byuzuze ibipimo byimyanda. Liding Kurengera Ibidukikije ni uruganda rukuru rwimyaka icumi mu nganda zitunganya amazi y’amazi, rufite icyicaro i Jiangsu, rukwirakwiza hirya no hino mu gihugu, ruhanganye n’amahanga, hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-06-2024