Gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda ni intego y'ingenzi mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, binyuze mu buryo bwa tekiniki kugira ngo habeho gufata neza amazi y’amazi no gukoresha umutungo, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, kurengera umutungo w’amazi bifite akamaro kanini. Nzatangiza ibintu byinshi byingenzi byo gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda zeru zikoranabuhanga zangiza.
Mbere ya byose, tekinoroji yo gutunganya umubiri nimwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kugera ku gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda. Muri byo, tekinoroji yo gutandukanya membrane nuburyo bwiza kandi butanga ingufu zo kuvura umubiri. Binyuze mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya membrane bifite ubunini butandukanye bwa pore, ibintu byangiza hamwe na ion zicyuma ziremereye mumazi yanduye bitandukanijwe neza kugirango bigere ku ntego yo kweza amazi. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya kabiri, ni ukuvuga inzira yo guhuza ultrafiltration membrane na revers osmose membrane, nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya membrane. Iri koranabuhanga rishobora kugera kuyungurura byinshi byamazi y’amazi, gukuraho ibice byangiza, no gutunganya neza amazi y’amazi kugirango bigere kuri zeru.
Icya kabiri, tekinoroji yo gutunganya imiti ninzira yingenzi yo kugera kuri zeru zangiza imyanda mvaruganda. Ikoranabuhanga rya Redox rihindura imyanda ihumanya amazi y’amazi mo ibintu bidafite ubumara kandi bitagira ingaruka binyuze mu miti y’imiti, bityo bikagera ku gutunganya cyane amazi y’amazi. Tekinoroji ya okiside igezweho, nka okiside ya Fenton na okiside ya ozone, irashobora gukuraho neza ibintu kama-biodegrade bigoye kama mumazi mabi kandi bigateza imbere ibinyabuzima byamazi yanduye. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwimvura yimiti, uburyo bwo guhanahana ion, nibindi bikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya imiti, ishobora gukuraho ion ziremereye hamwe nibintu byahagaritswe mumazi mabi.
Ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya ibinyabuzima ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibinyabuzima rikoresha metabolism ya mikorobe kugirango ibore kandi ihindure ibintu kama mumazi mabi. Ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima burimo sludge ikora, biofilm, hamwe na anaerobic digestion. Izi tekinoroji zirashobora gukuraho neza imyanda ihumanya y’amazi mabi, kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni ukomoka ku binyabuzima (BOD) hamwe n’umwuka wa ogisijeni ukomoka (COD) w’amazi y’amazi, kandi ukagera ku gutunganya amazi mabi.
Usibye inzira nyinshi zikoranabuhanga zavuzwe haruguru, hari tekinoloji igenda igaragara nayo igira uruhare runini mugutunganya amazi mabi yinganda. Kurugero, tekinoroji ya kristalisiyonike iganisha ku gutandukanya amazi y’amazi akomeye mu guhumeka amazi mu mazi y’amazi kugirango umunyu ushonga muri yo uhindurwe kandi ugwe. Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora gukuraho neza umunyu nibintu byangiza mumazi mabi kandi bikagera kuntego yo gusohora zeru.
Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yo kugarura umutungo nayo ni urufunguzo rwo kugera kuri zeru mu gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda. Mugukuramo no kugarura ibice byingirakamaro mumazi y’amazi, ntibishobora kugabanuka gusa imyanda y’amazi, ariko kandi no kongera gukoresha umutungo birashobora kugerwaho. Kurugero, ibyuma biremereye ion hamwe nibintu kama mumazi yanduye birashobora kugarurwa no gukoreshwa muburyo bwa tekiniki kugirango ugere kumazi meza.
Muri make, hari uburyo butandukanye bwa tekiniki bwo gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda hamwe no gusohora zeru, harimo tekinoroji yo kuvura umubiri, tekinoroji yo kuvura imiti, tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibinyabuzima n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugarura umutungo. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoloji rigomba gutoranywa no kunozwa ukurikije imiterere y’amazi y’amazi n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bigerweho, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego yo gutunganya amazi y’amazi meza, azigama ingufu kandi yangiza ibidukikije hamwe n’isohoka rya zeru. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje no guhanga udushya mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, hizera ko mu gihe kiri imbere hazabaho uburyo bwa tekinike bugezweho bukoreshwa mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi mabi y’inganda, kugira ngo habeho guteza imbere ibidukikije ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-29-2024