Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’icyaro n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, imyanda yo mu cyaro isohoka mu ngo nayo iriyongera. Kugira ngo ibidukikije byo mu cyaro bibungabungwe n’ubuzima bw’abaturage, hakenewe kubakwa inyubako nyinshi zo gutunganya imyanda yo mu cyaro. Ibikoresho bihuriweho n’uruganda rw’imyanda rwo mu mujyi byagaragaye mu gihe cy’amateka, ko uburyo rukora neza, uyu munsi, bugomba kumvikana.
Ibikoresho bihuriweho by’uruganda rutunganya imyanda yo mu mujyi ahanini bikoresha uburyo bwa AO bwo kuvura binyabuzima kugira ngo bikureho imyanda ihumanya ikirere na azote ya ammonia. Ihame ryabyo riri mu cyiciro cya A, kubera ko ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima byinshi biri mu myanda, mikorobe ziba ziri mu mimerere yo kubura umwuka, muri iki gihe, mikorobe ni mikorobe zikora, zizangiza azote yo mu myanda muri NH?-N, mu gihe zikoresha isoko ya karuboni yo mu myanda nk'umutanga wa electron, NO?-N, NO?-N ihinduka N? Kandi hakoreshejwe zimwe mu soko za karuboni yo mu myanda na NH?-N mu gukora ibikoresho bishya by’uturemangingo.
Kubwibyo, ikigega cya A cy’ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda bihujwe ntabwo gifite gusa imikorere runaka yo gukuraho imyanda, kigabanya umutwaro w’imyanda mu kigega gikurikiraho, gifasha mu gutanga nitrification, ahubwo gishingira no ku bwinshi bw’ibintu by’umwimerere biri mu mazi mabi kugira ngo bivane nitrification yuzuye, kandi amaherezo bivaneho umwanda wa azote.
Mu cyiciro cya O, kubera ko ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bwagabanutse cyane, ariko ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda bihujwe biracyafite ingano runaka y'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera kandi hariho NH?-N nyinshi. Kugira ngo ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bikomeze kubora, kandi mugihe harangiye karubone, ingufu za nitrification zikomeza neza, ikigega cya oxidation cya aerobic biological contact gifite umutwaro muke w'ibinyabuzima gishyirwa ku rwego rwa O.
Udukoko two mu kirere na bagiteri zikora ogisijeni byigenga biba mu cyiciro cya O-pool cy’ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda. Ese utwo dukoko two mu kirere two mu bwoko bwa aerobic twonona ibintu bikomoka ku bimera muri CO? Na H? O, Karuboni idakomoka ku bimera cyangwa CO mu mwuka? Nk’isoko y’intungamubiri, ese NO iri mu myanda?-N, NO?-N izahinduka N?. Imyanda y’amazi yo mu kidendezi cya O ijya muri A pisine, igatanga electron receiver kuri A pisine, hanyuma amaherezo ikavanaho umwanda wa azote binyuze mu kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho bihujwe by’inganda zitunganya imyanda zo mu turere dutandukanye bigomba guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo gutunganya imyanda hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye y’icyaro, kandi bigomba no gusuzuma ingaruka z’ikoranabuhanga, ubukungu n’ibidukikije. Ibikoresho bihujwe byo gutunganya imyanda bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo bya toni 10.000 z’imyanda ihujwe, kandi ibicuruzwa 9 bishobora gutoranywa ku buryo bw’ubuntu, hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-19-2024